Anatomy of Locomotion ( Muscles involved in fixation , flexion & exitention )

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Muscles of Hip Flexion
1. Iliopsoas
2. Tensor Fascia Latae
3. Rectus Femoris
4. Sartorius
5. Articularis Coxae
Muscles of Hip Extension
1. Gluteus Medialis (Middle Gluteal)
2. Superficial Gluteal
3. Semitendinosus
4. Semimembranosus
5. Biceps Femoris
6. Piriformis
7. Gracilis
8. Adductores (Adductor Magnus et Brevis and Longus
9. Quadratus Femoris
10. Gluteus Profundus
Muscles of Hip Abduction
1. Gluteus Medialis
2. Gluteus Profundus
Muscles of Hip Adduction
1. Adductores (Adductor Magnus et Brevis and Longus)
Muscles of Lateral Rotation of the Hip
1. Obturator Internus
2. Gemelli
3. Quadratus Femoris
4. Obturator Externus

Muscles of Adduction of the Thigh
1. Gracilis
2. Pectineus
Muscles of Abduction of the Thigh
1. Abductor Cruris Caudalis
2. Biceps Femoris

Muscles of Flexion of the Stifle
1. Gastrocnemius
2. Biceps Femoris
3. Semimembranosus
4. Sartorius (caudal part)
5. Abductor Cruris Caudalis
6. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
7. Popliteus
8. Semitendinosus
Muscles of Extension of the Stifle
1. Sartorius (cranial part)
2. Biceps Femoris
3. Quadriceps Femoris
A. Rectus Femoris
B. Vastus Lateralis
C. Vastus Intermedius
D. Vastus Medialis
4. Articularis Genus

Muscles of Extension of the Hock
1. Gracilis

Muscles of Flexion of the Tarsus
1. Peroneus Longus
2. Tibialis Cranialis
3. Extensor Digitorum Longus
4. Peroneus Brevis
Muscles of Extension of the Tarsus
1. Gastrocnemius
2. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
3. Tibialis Caudalis
4. Semitendinosus

Muscles of Flexion of the Caudal Digits
1. Flexor Digitorum Longus
2. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Muscles of Extension of the Caudal Digits
1. Extensor Digitorum Longus
2. Extensor Digiti 1
3. Extensor Digitorum Lateralis (digit 5)
4. Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Muscles of Lateral Rotation of the Caudal Paw
1. Tibialis Cranialis
2. Tibialis Caudalis
Muscles of Medial Rotation of the Caudal Paw
1. Peroneus Longus

Muscles of Vertebral Fixation Lumbar Region
1. Iliopsoas
2. Quadratus Lumborum
Muscles of Flexion of the Lumbar Vertebra
1. Iliopsoas

Muscles of Adduction of the Shoulder
1. Subscapularis
2. Coracobrachialis
3. Pectoralis Superficialis
Muscles of Flexion of the Shoulder
1. Latissimus Dorsi
2. Pectoralis Superficialis
3. Pectoralis Profundus
4. Infraspinatus
5. Teres Minor
6. Deltoideus
7. Teres Major
8. Triceps Brachii
9. Romboideus
10. Serratus Ventralis
11.Subscapularis
Muscles of Extension of the Shoulder
1. Trapezius
2. Cleidocervicalis
3. Pectoralis Superficialis
4. Pectoralis Profundus
5. Supraspinatus
6. Subscapularis
7. Biceps Brachii
8. Coracobrachialis
9. Omotransversarius
10. Serratus Ventralis
11. Coracobrachialis
12. Romboideus
13. Infraspinatus
Muscles of Elevation of the Shoulder
1. Trapezius
2. Rhomboideus

Muscles of Abduction of the Humerus
1. Infraspinatus
Muscles of Lateral Rotation of the Humerus
1. Infraspinatus
Muscles of Elevation of the Humerus
1. Deltoideus
Muscles of Extension of the Humerus
1. Teres Major

Muscles of Flexion of the Elbow
1. Biceps Brachii
2. Brachialis
3. Extensor Carpi Radialis
4. Supinator
5. Pronator Teres
Muscles of Extension of the Elbow
1. Triceps Brachii
2. Tensor Fasciae Antibrachii
3. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
4. Anconeus

Muscles of Cranial Limb Medial Rotation
1. Pronator Teres

Muscles of Lateral Rotation of the Forearm
1. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Muscles of Dorsal Lateral Rotation of the Radius
1. Brachioradialis

Muscles of Abduction ot the Carpal Joint
1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Muscles of Flexion of the Carpal Joint
1. Flexor Carpi Radialis
2. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
4. Interflexorius
5. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Muscles of Extension of the Carpal Joint
1. Extensor Carpi Radialis
2. Extensor Digitorum Communis
3. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Muscles of Pronation of the Carpal Joint
1. Pronator Quadratus

Muscles of Supination of the Cranial Paw
1. Supinator
Muscles of Flexion of the Cranial Paw
1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Muscles of Abduction of the Digits
1. Abductor Pollicis Longus
2. Abductor Digiti 5
Muscles of Adduction of the Digits
1. Adductor Digiti 5
2. Adductor Digiti 2
3. Extensor Digiti 1 and 2
Muscles of Flexion of the Digits
1. Abductor Digiti Brevis
2. Flexor Digiti 1 Brevis
3. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Muscles of Extension of the Digits
1. Extensor Digitorum Lateralis
2. Extensor Digiti 1 and 2
3. Abductor Pollicis Longus

Muscles of Neck Extension
1. Splenius
2. Longissimus Cervicis
3. Semispinalis Cervicis
4. Semispinalis Capitis
5. Longissimus Capitis
6. Obliquus Capitis Cranialis
Muscles of Flexion of the Neck
1. Scalenus
2. Longus Capitis
3. Longus Colli
4. Rectus Capitis Ventralis
5. Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Muscles of Fixation of the Neck
1. Splenius
2. Cleidocervicalis
3. Oblique Capitis Cauda1lis
Muscles of Lateral Flexion of the Neck
1. Splenius
2. Scalenus
3. Brachiocephalicus
4. Sternocephalicus
Muscles of Rotation of Neck
1. Oblique Capitis Caudalis
2. Longissimus Capitis

Muscles of Expiration
1. Iliocostalis
2. Serratus Dorsalis Caudilis
3. Intercostalis Externi
4. Intercartilaginei Externi
5. Intercostalis Interni
6. Subcostalis
7. Intercartilaginei Interni
8. Retractor Costa
10.Transversus Thoracis
Muscles of Inspiration
1. Levatores Costarum
2. Rectus Thoracis

Muscles of Fixation of the Thorax
1. Semispinalis Thoracis
2. Multifidus
3. Rotatores Longi
4. Rotatores Brevis
5. Interspinalis

Muscles of Abdominal Compression, Support of the Viscera, Expiration, Urination, Defecation andParturition
1. Obliquus Internus
2. Obliquus Abdominus
3. Transversus Abdominus
4. Rectus Abdominus

Muscles of Abdominal Flexion
1. Rectus Abdominus

Muscles of Skin Shaking and Increase Heat Production
1. Cutaneous Trunci

Muscles of Fixation of the Vertebral Column
1. Longissimus Thoracis
2. Iliocostalis
3. Multifidus
Muscles of Extension of the Vertebral Column Cranially
1. Longissimus Thoracis
Muscles of Extension of the Vertebral Column Caudally
1. Longissimus Thoracis
Muscles of Lumbar Extension
1. Longissimus Lumborum

Muscles of Fixation of the Lumbar Region
1. Iliocostalis
2. Multifidus
3. Interspinales
Muscles of Lateral Flexion of the Lumbar Region
1. Iliocostalis
2. Longissimus Lumborum

Muscles of Extension of the Tail
1. Sacro Caudalis Dorsalis Lateralis
2. Sarco Caudalis Dorsalis Medialis
Muscles of Lateral Flexion of the Tail
1. Sacro Caudalis Dorsalis Lateralis
2. Sacro Caudalis Dorsalis Medialis
3. Intertransversarius Dorsalis Caudalis
4. Intertransversarius Ventralis Caudalis
Muscles of Flexion of the Tail
1. Sacro Caudalis
2. Sacro Caudalis Ventralis Lateralis
3. Sacro Caudalis Ventralis Medialis

Muscles of Unilateral-Lateral Flexion
1. Coccygeus
2. Levator Ani

Muscles of Mastication Elevation of Mandible
1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Pterygoideus Lateralis
4. Pterygoideus Medialis
Muscles of Mastication Depression of Mandible
1. Digastric

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